What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
Everything you need to know.
Causes
Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. This pressure can result from a variety of factors, such as repetitive hand movements, wrist injuries, or underlying conditions like arthritis, diabetes, or hypothyroidism. Fluid retention during pregnancy or menopause can also contribute to swelling within the tunnel. Occupations or hobbies that involve frequent wrist flexing or gripping can increase the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome.
Symptoms
The symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome typically include numbness, tingling, and pain in the thumb, index, middle, and sometimes ring fingers. These sensations are often worse at night or after repetitive hand movements. Some individuals may experience weakness in the hand, making it difficult to grip objects or perform tasks requiring fine motor skills. Over time, untreated carpal tunnel syndrome can lead to muscle atrophy in the thumb area, further impairing hand function.
Dr Kyle discusses the microinvasive procedure with a patient.
What does the Research say?
Research on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) highlights several key findings. Studies indicate that repetitive hand movements and prolonged wrist flexion are primary causes of CTS, particularly in occupations involving manual labor or extensive computer use. Research also emphasises the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to prevent permanent nerve damage. Non-invasive treatments, such as wrist splinting and physical therapy, are commonly recommended, but microinvasive surgery has proven in many case studies to offer effective, long-term relief, especially in severe cases.
A study published in the Australian Journal of General Practice highlights the correlation between occupational risk factors, such as repetitive wrist movements and prolonged pressure on the median nerve, as key contributors to CTS. The study also supports micro-invasive surgery as an effective treatment for severe cases, supporting quicker recovery times and fewer complications compared to traditional open surgery.
References:
Alfuraih, A.M., O'Connor, P., Hensor, E.M.A., Tan, A.L. and Emery, P., 2017. The effect of ultrasound transducer tilt on entheseal power Doppler signal. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, 45(9), pp.518–525. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.23019
Martinoli, C., Bianchi, S., Abdelwahab, I.F., Ricci, S., Derchi, L.E. and Valle, M., 1998. US of nerve entrapments in osteofibrous tunnels of the upper and lower limbs. Radiographics, 18(5), pp.1249–1264. https://doi.org/10.7863/ultra.15.07001
Treatment Options
Treatment options for carpal tunnel syndrome include both surgical and non-surgical methods. Non-surgical methods such as wrist splinting, anti-inflammatory medications, and physical therapy can all alleviate symptoms of CTS. However, surgery is the often the most effective option for long-term relief. There are a variety of ways surgery can be performed such as through traditional open surgery and endoscopy - at the Carpal Tunnel Institute, we perform micro-invasive surgery. This procedure involves no incision; a needle is inserted under ultrasound guidance. It focuses on relieving pressure on the median nerve by releasing the transverse carpal ligament.
Post-operative recovery following micro-invasive surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome is generally well tolerated. Individuals can expect some mild discomfort in the hands which subsides within a few days. Wearing a wrist splint is recommended and patients are encouraged to perform gentle hand exercises to restore mobility. Most individuals can resume light activities within a week and typically return to work quite quickly. Full recovery is typically achieved in less than four weeks.
Post-Operative Recovery
Dr. Shea performs the microinvasive procedure on a patient.